Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) is a condition in which the meibomian glands, which are located in the eyelids, become blocked or do not function properly. These glands produce an oily substance (called meibum) that is an essential component of the tear film, helping to keep the eyes lubricated and prevent the tears from evaporating too quickly. For diagnosis consult a professional.
When MGD occurs, the meibomian glands fail to secrete enough oil or the oil is of poor quality, leading to an imbalance in the tear film. This results in dry eye symptoms, such as:
- Burning or stinging sensation
- Redness
- Itchy or gritty feeling
- Blurry vision (especially after prolonged use of screens)
- Eye fatigue or discomfort
- Sensitivity to light
Causes of MGD:
- Aging: As people age, the meibomian glands may become less efficient.
- Hormonal changes: Conditions like menopause can affect gland function.
- Inflammation: Conditions like blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelid margins) or rosacea can contribute to MGD.
- Medications: Certain medications, like those for acne (retinoids) or antihistamines, may affect oil production.
- Environmental factors: Exposure to wind, dry air, or long hours of screen time can exacerbate the condition.
- Poor eyelid hygiene: Blockages can develop if the eyelids are not cleaned properly.
Treatment:
- Warm compresses: Applying a warm compress to the eyelids can help melt the blocked oils and improve gland function.
- Lid massage: Massaging the eyelids gently after a warm compress can help express the oils from the glands.
- Artificial tears: Lubricating eye drops or ointments can relieve dry eye symptoms.
- Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs like antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline) or corticosteroids may be prescribed for inflammation.
- Laser treatments: Some treatments, such as LipiFlow (a thermal pulsation treatment) or intense pulsed light therapy, RF therapy (radio-frequency therapy) can help stimulate gland function.
If left untreated, MGD can lead to chronic dry eye disease, which can significantly affect vision and quality of life. Therefore, it is important to address the condition early to see an eye doctor for a comprehensive eye exam.